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The 22. Infanterie-Division was formed on 15 October 1935 in Bremen as part of the Wehrmacht’s rapid expansion and initially served in a conventional infantry role, with Infanterie-Regiment 16 taking part in the 1939 Invasion of Poland while the remainder of the division garrisoned positions on the Siegfried Line between Monschau and Prüm to counter any French threat; in 1940 it was redesignated the 22. Luftlande-Division after receiving specialized training for glider and air-landing operations and was committed during the invasion of the Netherlands where its regiments landed at Waalhaven, Katwijk-Valkenburg and Ypenburg suffering heavy casualties in the failed Battle for The Hague before continuing the campaign into France as ordinary ground infantry. In 1941 the division joined Army Group South for Operation Barbarossa advancing from Romania across the Pruth and Dniester rivers into the Ukraine and Crimea where it participated in the breakthrough at Perekop the advance to the Sea of Azov and the storming of Sevastopol in 1942 after earlier positional fighting and the recapture of the Kerch Peninsula; transferred to Crete in late 1942 for garrison duties as part of Festung Kreta it conducted anti-partisan operations including the Battle of Leros and was involved in several massacres of civilians such as those at Viannos and Kedros while its commander Generalmajor Heinrich Kreipe was abducted on 26 April 1944 by a British SOE team in the famous operation later depicted in “Ill Met by Moonlight.” Withdrawn from the island in autumn 1944 the division fought anti-partisan actions in Macedonia Serbia and Bosnia before being redesignated the 22. Volksgrenadier-Division in March 1945 and conducting heavy defensive withdrawals and breakout battles across the Balkans including efforts to relieve encircled units near Zvornik until it surrendered to Yugoslav forces in Slovenia in May 1945.
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EICHENLAUBTRÄGER
Oberst Oskar von Boddien (1900-1942) was served in the Heer during both world wars, born in Neuruppin in Brandenburg as the son of Major Alfons von Boddien and educated at the Kadettenanstalt Oranienstein and the Hauptkadettenanstalt Groß-Lichterfelde before entering service as an Offiziersanwärter with the hessischen Leibgarde-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 115 and later the Reiter-Regiment 14; he progressed through the ranks of the Reichswehr and Wehrmacht, serving in staff positions including with the Kavallerie-Regiment 13 in Lüneburg, and from 18 August 1939 commanded the Aufklärungs-Abteilung 22 of the 22. Infanterie-Division, earning promotions to Rittmeister on 21 December 1930, Major on 1 April 1937, and Oberstleutnant on 1 September 1940, with posthumous promotion to Oberst on 8 January 1942. On 6 September 1941 during the advance in the Crimea as part of Operation Barbarossa, von Boddien led his Aufklärungs-Abteilung 22 in breaking through a gap in the Soviet frontline, after which he and his troops held the key road crossroads at Baltasarowskij, some 20 kilometers ahead of the friendly Korps frontline, for four days under intense pressure, directly enabling the Korps to resume its swift advance toward Perekop on 11 and 12 September 1941; for this decisive leadership and initiative he was awarded the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 2 October 1941 as Oberstleutnant and Kommandeur of the Aufklärungs-Abteilung 22. On 6 January 1942, during the fierce fighting to repel a Soviet amphibious landing operation at Yevpatoria (Jewpatoria) in the Crimea, Oberst Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller directed the Aufklärungs-Abteilung 22 under von Boddien’s command to assault and seize the harbor area and city; leading the attack together with the 1st Squadron under Oberleutnant von Frankenberg, von Boddien was mortally wounded by machine-gun fire, yet his determined and resolute actions were singled out in the Wehrmachtbericht of 7 January 1942 as pivotal to the German victory, which cost the enemy 600 dead soldiers and 1,300 partisans while yielding 203 prisoners in brutal house-to-house combat; for this final display of bravery he was posthumously awarded the Eichenlaub zum Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 8 January 1942 as the 58th recipient, an honor formally announced in the Wehrmachtbericht of 12 January 1942, and he was subsequently buried as an unknown soldier at the German War Cemetery Sevastopol-Gontscharnoje.
General der Infanterie Ludwig Wolff (1893-1968), born on 3 April 1893 in Chemnitz in the Kingdom of Saxony and died on 9 November 1968 in Mannheim, was a German army officer whose career extended from the Imperial German Army through the Reichswehr into the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany, where he ultimately rose to command the XXXIII. Armeekorps. Entering military service in 1912 as a one-year volunteer in the Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz (5. Königlich Sächsisches) Nr. 104, he was commissioned Leutnant in 1913 and served with distinction in the First World War, earning both classes of the Eisernes Kreuz as well as the Ritterkreuz of the Militär-St.-Heinrichs-Orden. Retained in the postwar Reichswehr, he advanced through instructional and command roles, including as commander of Infanterie-Regiment 192 of the 56. Infanterie-Division at the start of the Second World War. During the 1940 invasion of the Low Countries, as Oberst he personally led his regiment in forcing the first crossings of the Schelde and Lys rivers near Nevele with inflatable rafts, an action that proved decisive to the German advance, secured thousands of prisoners, and earned him the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 26 May 1940, the same day he suffered severe facial wounds that cost him an eye and required extensive surgery before his return to duty. Promoted to Generalmajor, he took command of the 22. Infanterie-Division (Luftlande) in late 1941, guiding it through the breakthrough at the Perekop Isthmus onto the Crimea and, in June 1942, achieving the first German penetration to the Severnaya Bay at Sevastopol while storming Fort Stalin on 13 June, feats that brought him the Deutsches Kreuz in Gold in February 1942 and the Eichenlaub to the Ritterkreuz (as the 100th recipient) on 22 June 1942. Later serving as Befehlshaber Mittelnorwegen and commander of the XXXIII. Armeekorps with promotion to General der Infanterie in 1944, followed by staff and inspector positions including oversight of Hungarian formations, Wolff was captured by American forces in May 1945 and released from captivity in June 1947, thereafter living in retirement until his death.
Source :
https://www.historic.de/Home/home.html
https://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/Gliederungen/Infanteriedivisionen/22ID-R.htm
