Friday, April 24, 2020

Bio of Generalleutnant Friedrich-Georg Eberhardt

Friedrich-Georg Eberhardt (15 January 1892 – 9 September 1964) was a German Generalleutnant who commanded the following divisions during World War II; the 60th Infantry Division, 38th Infantry Division, 174th Reserve Division, and 286th Security Division. He was sent four times to the Führerreserve. From December 1944 on, he was judge at the Reichskriegsgericht under Roland Freisler. He commanded the German forces in one of the opening battles of World War II, the Battle of Westerplatte. Eberhardt received the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 31 December 1941 as Generalleutnant and Kommandeur 60. Infanterie-Division.

The following wartime excerpt describes why Eberhardt would be awarded the Ritterkreuz:

"General Eberhardt made the bold decision to not be merely content to follow his orders and provide security against the enemy. Instead he decided to also attack them in order to fully eliminate the threat. He smashed the enemy and hunted down the survivors all the way past Nowo Tscherkask. His reconnaissance subsequently reached the western edge of the city unimpeded. Thus, through his bold initiative and the successful conduct of his actions, General Eberhardt made a phenomenal contribution to the victory near Rostov.”

The following excerpt provides further details as to this action and its significance…

“Generalleutnant Friedrich Georg Eberhardt, an East Prussian, was recently awarded the Knight’s Cross by the Führer. He and his Infanterie-Division had the mission of securing the flank of his Korps, which was meanwhile being used for an attack against a strong Bolshevik position. He dispensed with his security mission and went over to the attack on his own initiative, even though it was known that a much larger enemy force was in front of him. His goal in doing so was to eliminate the flank threat to his Korps once and for all while simultaneously supporting the attack that the remaining Korps’ units were making. His decision was conduct with audacity and swiftness, and it led to a total success. General Eberhardt smashed the enemy and pursued the survivors back. This action made it possible for the remaining units to reach their intended objective.”


Source :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich-Georg_Eberhardt
https://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?p=2050208#p2050208
https://www.tracesofwar.com/persons/29872/Eberhardt-Friedrich-Georg.htm

Thursday, April 23, 2020

Bio of Generalleutnant Werner Ehrig

Werner Julius Clemens Ehrig was born 22-04-1897 in Eibenstock, entered the Army as a volunteer and Fahnenjunker in the 108th Rifle Regiment. With this regiment he went into the fields of the first war and was wounded in hospital from 21-08-1915 to 23-11-1915. He was two times wounded in hospital again from 10-04-1916 to 13-08-1916 and from 22-07-1918 to 06-12-1918. He ended the war as a Company Leader of the 108th Regiment. Ehrig was retired on 15-03-1920 and reactivated on 01-01-1924, under Generalmajor der Infanterie Hans Sponeck (Kommandeur der XLII Armeekorps). At the beginning of World War II he was in the Führer Reserve  to 25-10-1939. He was Battalion Commander in the 216th Infantry Regiment and Chief of Operations in the Staff of the 164th Infantry Division 164th Infanterie-Division under General Josef Folltmann. Again in the Führer Reserve and delegated with the leadership of the 340th Infantry Division to 01-01-1944. The division now under command of Generalleutnant Theodor `Tolsdorff. 'The Mad` Tolsdorff   fought in the Battle of the Bulge, as part of I SS Panzer Corps  under command of SS-Obergruppenführer Hermann Priess,  and then retreated into Germany as part of XIII SS Corps, under command of SS-Gruppenführer Max Simon, before finally being destroyed in the Ruhr pocket in April 1945 (Max Simon survived the war and died 01-02-1961 aged 62). Ehrig was in the infamous Reserve again from 16-06-1944 to 15-07-1944 and got the command of the 544th Grenadier Division, he succeeded General Erich Hofmann (Commander of the 506th Volksgrenadier Division). As commander of the 544th Volksgrenadier Division, fighting in the Ruhr pocket, where Generalfieldmarschall der Infanterie, Walter Model committed suicide. He on 08-05-1945 landed in Allied captivity to March 1948. Living after the war in Oldenburg, he died at the old age of 83, on 31-01-1981 and is buried with his wife Gerda, born Thaden, who died at the very old age of 96, on 17-08-1997, on the Stadtfriedhof of Oldenburg. Also buried there is Generalmajor der Infanterie Moritz Drebber.


Source :
https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Signed-photo-amp-letter-Heer-Generalleutnant-Werner-Ehrig-Knights-Cross-recipient-/202906199086?_trkparms=aid%3D1110001%26algo%3DSPLICE.SIM%26ao%3D2%26asc%3D20160323102634%26meid%3D8e8e413945694f15856e84155dadcf76%26pid%3D100623%26rk%3D5%26rkt%3D6%26sd%3D254159119875%26itm%3D202906199086%26pmt%3D0%26noa%3D1%26pg%3D2047675%26algv%3DSimplAMLv5PairwiseWeb&_trksid=p2047675.l2557&nma=true&si=M16dOt9ywpkI%252FQuEn9s8E2D6eEI%253D&orig_cvip=true&nordt=true&rt=nc
https://ww2gravestone.com/people/ehrig-werner-julius-clement/

Tuesday, April 21, 2020

Color Picture of Oberfeldwebel Martin Hrustak

Oberfeldwebel Martin Hrustak (born October 17, 1913 at Tschechen/Sudetenland), platoon leader in 7th Company/Grenadier-Regiment 162 of the 61st (East Prussian) Infanterie-Division. Knight's Cross awarded December 11, 1943, for distinguishing himself while commanding a Zug of infantry during the Third Battle of Lake Ladoga, near Mga. He and his men repeatedly gave a good account of themselves at the focal points of the fighting; Oakleaves awarded May 14, 1944. During the fighting on the Narva front in February 1944, Oberfeldwebel Hrustak was able to ensure that the Soviet bridgehead at Kriwasoo could be contained. Over the course of several counterthrusts and patrols, he succeeded in preventing the expansion of the bridgehead with the few soldiers available to him and thereby made a decisive contribution towards the holding of the Narva front. Martin Hrustak (nicknamed "Der Kleine" -the small one- since he was of comparatively small size) died on August 18, 1944 in a military hospital at Riga/Latvia of the wounds he received during a successful counter attack on a Soviet AT position the same day. The photo shows Hrustak on the day of the Oakleaves bestowal from Adolf Hitler.





Source :
https://www.tracesofwar.com/persons/47725/Hrustak-Martin.htm
http://waralbum.ru/361513/

Monday, April 20, 2020

Bio of Generalleutnant Dr.rer.pol. Friedrich Franek (1891-1976)


Friedrich "Fritz" (von) Franek

Date of Birth: 16.07.1891 - Wien (Austria-Hungary)
Date of Death: 08.04.1976 - Wien (Austria)

Doctorate In Political Science: 20 May 1924

Promotions:
Fähnrich (18 Aug 1910); Leutnant (01 May 1913); Oberleutnant (01 Mar 1915); Hauptmann (01 Nov 1918); Major (Titel) (01 Jan 1921); Stabs-Hauptmann (23 Jun 1923); Major (27 Sep 1927); Oberstleutnant (15 Dec 1934); Oberst (01 Dec 1940); Generalmajor (20 Apr 1942); Generalleutnant (01 Apr 1943)

Career:
Entered Austrian Army Service (18 Aug 1910)
Fähnrich in the 41st Infantry-Regiment (18 Aug 1910-01 May 1913)
Platoon-Commander, Regiments-Adjutant and Company-Commander in the 63rd Infantry-Regiment (01 May 1913-1917)
Leader of Divisions-Assault-Company (1917-1918)
Leader of a Divisions-Assault-Battalion (1918-00 Apr 1919)
Detached to General-Staff-Aspirant-Course in Belgrade (00 Apr 1918-00 Jun 1918)
In the General-Staff of the 35th Infantry-Troop-Division (00 Jun 1918-00 Oct 1918)
In the General-Staff of the 62nd Infantry-Troop-Division (00 Oct 1918-1919)
Company-Commander then Battalion-Adjutant in the 2nd Infantry-Regiment (1919-01 May 1921)
Assigned to the 2nd Infantry-Regiment (01 May 1921-09 Aug 1921)
Detached to Studies of State-Sciences at the University Of Vienna (09 Aug 1921-1922)
Instructor at different Troop-Schools (1922-1925)
Course for Higher Service, General-Staff-Training (1925-01 Oct 1929)
Assigned to the War Archives in Vienna (01 Oct 1929-22 Nov 1933)
Transferred to Brigade-Command 1 (22 Nov 1933-01 Oct 1934)
Tactics-Instructor at the Theresian Military Academy, Wiener Neustadt (01 Oct 1934-10 Nov 1938)
Transferred to the German Army (15 Mar 1938)
Transferred to the Staff of the 32nd Infantry-Regiment (10 Nov 1938-01 Apr 1939)
Commander of the I. Battalion of the 98th Mountain-Jäger-Regiment (01 Apr 1939-06 Feb 1940)
Commander of the 634th Infantry-Regiment (06 Feb 1940-30 Aug 1940)
Führer-Reserve OKH (30 Aug 1940-21 Oct 1940)
Commander of the 405th Infantry-Regiment (21 Oct 1940-12 Sep 1941)
Severely Wounded, In Hospital, Führer-Reserve OKH (12 Sep 1941-01 Mar 1942)
Delegated with the Leadership of the 196th Infantry-Division (01 Mar 1942-01 Apr 1942)
Commander of the 196th Infantry-Division (01 Apr 1942-24 Dec 1943)
Führer-Reserve OKH (24 Dec 1943-01 Jan 1944)
Commander of the 44th Reichs-Grenadier-Division Hoch und Deutschmeister (01 Jan 1944-01 May 1944)
Führer-Reserve OKH (01 May 1944-26 Jun 1944)
Commander of the 73rd Infantry-Division (26 Jun 1944-29 Jul 1944)
In Soviet Captivity (29 Jul 1944-22 Jul 1948)
Released (22 Jul 1948)

Decorations & Awards:
- Ritterkreuz: am 04.11.1941 als Oberst und Kommandeur des Infanterie-Regiment 405
- RK des k.u.k. Österr. Militär-Maria-Theresia-Ordens: am 10.06.1921 (für die Kämpfe bei Flondar, 11. Isonzoschlacht, vom 17. bis 24.08.1917 als Oberleutnant und Kompanieführer im Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 63)
- 1914 EK II
- k.u.k. Österr. Erinnerungs-Kreuz 1912/1913
- k.u.k. Österr. Militär-Verdienstkreuz III. Klasse mit der Kriegsdekoration
- k.u.k. Österr. Bronzene Militär-Verdienst-Medaille (“Signum Laudis”) am Bande des Militär-Verdienstkreuzes mit Schwertern
- k.u.k. Österr. Silberne Militär-Verdienst-Medaille (“Signum Laudis”) am Bande des Militär-Verdienstkreuzes mit Schwertern
- k.u.k. Österr. Karl-Truppen-Kreuz
- k.u.k. Österr. Verwundetenmedaille mit 3. Mittelstreifen
- k.u.k. Österr. Goldene Tapferkeitsmedaille für Offiziere
- Österr. Kriegs-Erinnerungs-Medaille mit Schwertern
- Ehrenkreuz für Frontkämpfer
- Wehrmacht-Dienstauszeichnung IV. bis III. Klasse
- Spange zum EK II
- 1939 EK I
- Medaille “Winterschlacht im Osten 1941/1942”

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Generalleutnant Friedrich Franek was born on the 16th of July 1891 in Vienna, the son of a master baker. After attending a junior high school he entered the Infantry cadet school at Liebenau near Graz. He graduated from there on the 18th August 1910 as a Fähnrich (Senior Officer Cadet) and was assigned to Infanterie-Regiment 41 then garrisoned at Czernowitz in the Bukowina. Commissioned on the 1st of May 1913 he was posted as a platoon commander to IR.63 at Bestercze in the Siebenbürgen. He participated in the battle of Lemberg on the 8th of September 1914 and was wounded in the mouth, neck and chest during an assault East of Grodek. Promoted to Oberleutnant on 1st March 1915 he returned to duty as a company commander in April. He was again lightly wounded on the 15th of June during an assault on Krakowiec when a shot grazed his head. Returning to duty for the third time in October 1915, Franek assumed another company command appointment during the defensive fighting on the River Serwetsch East of Baranowitshi but was stricken with Typhus in early February 1916. He returned to the front for the fourth and last time in the middle of June 1916. He variously held company command and the appointment of regimental adjutant of IR.63 in this period.

In June 1917 the regiment moved to the Southwest front as part of the 35.Infanterie-Division and participated in the 10th and 11th battles of the Isonzo. 35.Infanterie-Division, then commanded by Feldmarschalleutnant Eugen von Podhoránszky was subordinated to Feldmarschalleutnant Maximilian von Csicseric's XXIII. Korps. XXIII. Korps was in turn subordinated to Abschnitt III or the Sector Command of General der Infanterie Johann Ritter von Henriquez with responsibility for the Southernmost sector of the Isonzo Front. Facing 35.Infanterie-Division on this sector were the men of the Italian XIII Corps of the Duke of Aosta's 3rd Army.

Franek as the company commander of 17./IR.63 held the North slope of the especially important and exposed hill 146 which was itself situated approximately 500 metres to the Northeast of the village of Flondar about five kilometres East of Monfalcone. The regiment held a line of fortified caverns in the forward line. On the 17th and 18th of August 1917 with the commencement of the 11th battle, the position came under heavy Italian drum fire. The Italian infantry attacked on the 19th of August and by early morning had succeeded in breaking into various parts of the Austrian position. Franek's company mounted a surprise counter-attack and caught the enemy unawares from the rear retaking two captured caverns. At the same time the neighbouring 18./IR.63 to the left (South) had been pushed back so the left flank of Franek's company was placed in considerable danger. By a further energetic and decisive attack the enemy was thrown back off the Austrian positions and the situation was restored. Similar attacks were mounted with increasing ferocity over the following days. Early on the morning of the 20th August the enemy attacked the position to the South while simultaneously suppressing the defending company with heavy artillery fire. When after a hard struggle the heavily weakened company holding the sector to the left had been overwhelmed and partly wiped out, the enemy then stormed from the South against the now open flank of the 17th Company. At this critical juncture, Franek decided to mount a counter-attack with his company reserve and succeeded in throwing back the Italians, retaking the just lost position to the South. The 30 strong counter-attack force followed up their success pursuing the now retreating Italians and took captive the occupants of two cavern positions recently lost to the enemy. However Franeks' weakened company was now compelled to give up their exposed position on hill 146 as the neighbouring companies on either flank had withdrawn. The battle for the hill see-sawed with it being retaken again on the morning of the 21st, lost again that evening at 2145 hours in bitter hand to hand fighting only to be retaken yet again by Franek's 17./IR.63. The Italians attacked for the sixth time at 1400 hours on the 22nd August and indeed this was the most difficult day since the commencement of the battle on the 17th. Like all the previous attacks the flanks of Franek's position were lost, yet surrounded on three sides 17th Company held its positions. The seventh and last enemy attack was also held on the 23rd of August. IR.63 was at last relieved on hill 146 at 0500 hours on the morning of the 24th August.

Franek assumed command of the divisional assault company later expanded to battalion strength in the middle of September 1917. He had additionally by then been awarded the Golden Bravery Medal for officers. In April of the following year he was assigned to a general staff officer aspirant course held in Belgrade and in June returned to the 35.ID. as a staff officer. He was posted to the staff of 62.ID. in October and promoted to captain a few days before the wars end on the 1st of November 1918.

Franek remained in the Austrian Bundesheer after the war and for his own personal gallantry and that of his company during the battles at hill 146 was awarded the Knights' Cross of the Order of Maria Theresa in the 187th awards ceremony on 10th June 1921. Between 1919 and 1929 he served as a company commander, battalion adjutant and instructor at military schools. He qualified as a Doctor of political science on the 20th of May 1924 and was promoted to Major on the 27th of September 1927. From the Spring of 1925 he had attended General Staff training and on the 1st of October 1929 he was seconded to the War Archives in Vienna. Whilst at the War Archives he participated in authoring the multi-volume official Austrian history of the First World War. From 1st October 1934 until the 1st November 1938 he was a tactics instructor at the Maria Theresa Military Academy at Wiener-Neustadt having been promoted to Obserstleutnant on the 15th of November 1934. Following the annexation of Austria by Germany he was transferred into the Wehrmacht in his then present rank as a battalion commander in IR.32 at Teplitz-Schönau and progressed through regimental and divisional command. He was awarded the Knights' Cross of the Iron Cross on 4th November 1941 for bravery whilst commanding IR.405. Probably his most notable command was a four month stint leading the famous Austrian 44.ID. "Hoch und Deutschmeister in the Spring of 1944 at Monte Cassino. Captured by the Russians whilst commanding 73.ID. General Franek remained a prisoner of war until 22nd July 1948. The General died in Vienna on the 8th April 1976.

Of note is the fact that General Franek and General Alois Windisch were the only two officers of the former Austro-Hungarian army to be awarded both the Knights' Cross of the Order of Maria Theresa and the Knights' Cross of the Iron Cross. Uniquely General Franek was the only individual to win both the above mentioned awards and the Golden Bravery Medal for Officers.



Source :
Hill60 photo collection
http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/biog/franek.htm
https://www.oocities.org/~orion47/WEHRMACHT/HEER/Generalleutnant/FRANEK_FRIEDRICH.html

Wednesday, March 25, 2020

Hermann Büchting Cuts the Ritterkreuz Cake

Die Ritterkreuz-Torte (The Ritterkreuz Cake): This photo by Kriegsberichter Kroencker was taken in the evening and showed Kapitänleutnant Hermann Büchting, who happily cut a cake decorated with dough in the form of Eisernes Kreuz (Iron Cross), which was presented as a surprise by its crew, on the day the captain received the prestigious Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes. The photo was taken on the Eastern Front. Büchting (March 14, 1916 - June 27, 1992) was the commander of the Schnellboot (speedboat) which obtained the Ritterkreuz on April 22, 1943 as Kommandant S-27 / 1. Schnellbootsflottille. On September 1, 1943 he was given the responsibility as a Commander of 1. Schnellbootsflottille, a position he held until the end of the war. Other medals and awards that he receives: Wehrmacht-Dienstauszeichnung IV.Klasse (5 April 1939); Medaille zur Erinnerung an den 1. October 1938 (20 December 1939); Medaille zur Erinnerung an die Heimkerhr des Memellandes 22. März 1939 (20 December 1939); Eisernes Kreuz II.Klasse (20 April 1940) und I.Klasse (3 January 1941); Verwundetenabzeichen in Schwarz (25 April 1940) und in Silber (18 May 1943); Schnellbootkriegsabzeichen (16 December 1940); and Finnish Vapaudenristin Ritarikunta, 4th class (4 November 1941)


Source:
https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCchting,_Hermann
https://www.sz-photo.de/?16607724099100603390&MEDIANUMBER=00381893

Hauptmann Werner Baumbach in Hitler's HQ

Hauptmann Werner Baumbach (Gruppenkommandeur I.Gruppe / Kampfgeschwader 30 "Adler") in the day he met Adolf Hitler (Führer und Oberster Befehlshaber der Wehrmacht) at Führerhauptquartier Werwolf in Vinnitsa, Ukraine, 27 August 1942. The Luftwaffe bomber ace came to Hitler's Eastern Front HQ after he received the coveted Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern #16 ten days previously (17 August 1942). After the occasion, Hitler forbade Baumbach to fly, so he started working on new bomber designs; among others, he helped design the composite bomber system, Mistel.


Source:
https://www.facebook.com/search/top/?q=knight%27s%20cross%20holders%20history%20%26%20research&epa=SEARCH_BOX

SS-Obersturmbannführer Hans Dorr After Got the Schwerter

 SS-Obersturmbannführer Hans Dorr in a studio picture after he received the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern #77 on 9 July 1944 as Kommandeur of SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 9 "Germania" / 5.SS-Panzer-Division "Wiking".

Dorr’s Schwertern recommendation reads as follows…

“1.) Orlowez (31.01.-05.02.1944):

Strong enemy attacks in the sector of the 57. Infanterie-Division necessitated that the Korps pull back its front from Smela to Orlowez. SS-Pz.Gren.Rgt. 9 Germania was deployed east of Orlowez for defense. The Soviets were favoured by the hilly and ravine-covered terrain, and they were able to assemble strong forces before the Regiment’s frontline and then immediately use them for an attack against Orlowez. A bitter struggle ensued, and it lasted for 6 days. The Soviets launched multiple attacks each day with a varying strength of 400-1000 men against the thin lines of the Regiment, however every time these attacks faltered against the determined defense.

The high-water mark of the battle for Orlowez was on the night of the 02./03.02.1944, wherein the Soviets commenced an overwhelming attack against Hill 202.4 (located southeast of Orlowez). An enemy regiment, heavily supported by artillery, was to advance along a narrow front through Orlowez and onto Gorodischtsche. By this they would deliver the deathblow to the bitterly fighting defenders of the pocket. Following ferocious close combat the Soviets succeeded in getting onto Hill 202.4, located in the sector of II. Bataillon. The enemy attempted to expand their breach with swiftly brought-up reserves.

Undeterred by the strong enemy attacks against the front of his own Bataillon, SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr decided to remove units from his own Bataillon’s line and use them for an immediate counterthrust in the sector of II. Bataillon. A reinforced Zug launched such a maneuver under his personal leadership. Firing an MG from the hip, SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr stormed ahead of his Zug and halted the enemy forces that had entered into Orlowez. A Zug from II. Bataillon then launched an attack against the point of penetration in order to close the breach. The attack succeeded, and the enemy units behind our now closed front were surrounded. After a hard, 12-hour long night battle it was possible to eliminate the trapped enemy forces while defeating all attempt hostile breakout and relief efforts. The destroyed enemy group sustained losses as follows:

5 guns (7.5 cm)
6 guns (4.7 cm)
13 heavy machine-guns
9 heavy mortars
300 dead (counted)
83 prisoners.

2.) Arbusino (09.-11.02.1944):

The Regiment was deployed in the Arbusino area, east of Korsun. On the 10.02.1944 it received the order to hand over its sector to the SS-Pz.Gren.Rgt. 10 Westland and in turn take over a sector of frontline near Schanderowka.

The relief was supposed to take place on the night of the 10./11.02.1944. However the enemy situation before the Regiment Westland prevented a timely completion of such a maneuver, and so it lasted until the morning of the next day. For their part the enemy had been spotted bringing up reinforcements on the previous two days and setting up assembly areas. They did not fail to notice the relief maneuver and the opportunity it provided, and so they launched an attack with strong forces at 05:00 on the 11.02.1944. The defending I. Bataillon, weakened in its defensive readiness by the ongoing relief movement, defended fiercely but was unable to prevent an enemy penetration. The foe was quick to send in additional forces, with the ultimate aim of pushing ahead to Arbusino and taking the bridge located there. From here they could break through to Korsun itself. As such the Division decided to immediately pull back Regiment Westland to the Arbusino river.

Recognizing the gravity of the situation, SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr at once launched a counterthrust on his own initiative with 1. Kompanie (which had already been taken out of the line) in order to ensure that the withdrawal to the new position could go according to plan. He and his men assailed the enemy’s lead elements, threw them back in an energetic attack and captured a commanding hill northeast of Arbusino. Control of this hill was decisive. If the enemy had been able to set up observation posts here they would have been able to bring down observed fire on the Arbusino river. From the ranks of his small group SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr bitterly defending this high ground until the Regiment Westland had occupied the Arbusino sector. Then the 1. Kompanie and its Bataillon commander pulled back to this same position while under continual fire from the hotly pursuing enemy.

3.) Schanderowka (12.-14.02.1944):

At 00:00 on the 12.02.1944 the Regiment was deployed for an attack against Schanderowka. Its mission was to launch a surprise attack during the night that would take control of this city, which was heavily occupied and strongly fortified by the enemy. The intent of the higher commands was: Secure the required assembly areas for the later breakout from the pocket through the capture of the city. The success of this assault was therefore of truly decisive importance. In addition to an enemy flamethrower battalion, already identified through friendly reconnaissance, the enemy had also brought up an infantry regiment for the defense of the city. Dorr’s Bataillon launched a wide flanking maneuver towards the south, and it was the first to break through the strong Soviet defensive ring (reinforced with several flamethrower barriers) and enter into the southern part of the city. There the initially surprised Soviets commenced a counterthrust. A bitter round of close combat ensued, and it would last throughout the entire night. The friendly attack stalled. At daybreak the Soviets plastered the part of the village our forces had taken with heavy fire from all available weapons.

Strong enemy air units supported the defenders in their battle. Resupply to our friendly elements that had entered Schanderowka was not possible, as all approach routes were dominated by the enemy’s fire. Our own artillery was likewise not able to deliver effective support to our hard-pressed infantry as observation posts could not be set up due to the unfavourable terrain. Despite being totally isolated SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr remained undeterred by these difficulties, and prepared for a renewed friendly assault on the night of the 12./13.02.1944. Our brave group of troops pressed forwards against the much superior enemy in a gruelling 12-hour night battle. Newly set up flamethrower barriers and minefields were overcome, and the enemy forces in the northern part of the city were pushed back.

However during the morning the attack once again ground to a halt under the strong enemy defensive fire after it had made it to the village centre. Over the course of the whole day the enemy’s tank-led counterthrusts were defeated with high losses for the foe. SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr prepared for the last, decisive attack against the northern part of the city, which was to take place on the following night starting at 22:00. Ultimately both the city and the commanding high ground to the west of it was wrested from the enemy. This decisive attack succeeded thanks to the energy, toughness and outstanding bravery of SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr. Always being with his men in the foremost line by both day and night, he was a permanent example of courage, endurance and confidence. In this manner he in turn inspired his men to praiseworthy achievements.

The following was destroyed or captured:

13 guns (7.5 cm)
20 guns (4.7 cm)
10 guns of all calibers
3 tanks
Over 70 heavy machine-guns
37 mortars
The load-out of an infantry regiment and a flamethrower battalion
Over 300 enemy dead (counted)
150 prisoners.

4.) Nowo-Buda (15.-16.02.1944):

After the capture of Schanderowka the heavily fought-out units of the Regiment were forced to immediately move towards the south. There they relieved elements of the 72. Infanterie-Division, cleared out the enemy-occupied southern part of Nowo-Buda and went over to the defense on the hills south of the village.

Following the capture of Schanderowka the enemy force-marched new units from the east and assembled them in the Morenzy area. They then began offensive operations on the 15.02.1944, supported by strong tank forces. Their aim was to thrust through to Schanderowka via Nowo-Buda and smash our own breakthrough forces that had been assembled in the area.

Over the course of a bitter 2-day struggle all enemy attacks were fended off, mostly in close combat. SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr again outstandingly distinguished himself here. The I. Bataillon found itself in the focus of the defensive battle. The weakly held front of the Regiment was broken through several times; however SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr repeatedly launched counterthrusts with hastily assembled shock units and resolved every critical situation. The enemy took heavy losses in men and materiel. Two enemy tanks were destroyed.

Here follows a captured report from the 5th Guards Red Banner Don-Cossack Cavalry Corps to the supreme commander of the 2nd Ukrainian Front concerning the Guards Cavalry Don-Cossack Regiment 47, which was deployed near Nowo-Buda:

‘The bitter enemy artillery and mortar fire inflicted heavy losses on the regiment. The soil of Nowo-Buda flows with Cossack blood.’

5.) Breakthrough from the pocket west of Cherkassy (17.02.1944):

At 03:00 on the 17.02.1944 the Regiment (along with the subordinated Brigade ‘Wallonien’) commenced its breakthrough towards Lissjanka as the rearguard of the Division. Located far away from the attacking spearheads of the Division, the Regiment had the mission of smashing the attack of the Soviet reserves that now appeared on the battlefield while also forcing the breakout itself. The Korps units deployed to guard the flanks of the breakout wedge failed in their duties, and so the enemy succeeded in thrusting north to south and capturing the commanding ridges at Chilkie and Komarowka. Now every new friendly attack became pinned down under the enemy fire.

Thus SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr commenced an attack against the high ground north of Chilkie with his Bataillon on his own initiative. The hill was stormed with blank weapons. Through this decisive deed the breakout path through Chilkie that had been temporarily occupied by the enemy was free. The forward movement of all regimental elements as well as the withdrawal of the hard-pressed rearguards from the 57. Infanterie-Division was now possible.

Later on in the breakout the Dshurshenzy-Potschapinzy road became blocked by 12 enemy tanks. Another 7 enemy tanks bypassed the Regiment to the north and laid down a murderous fire on all friendly units located amongst the coverless terrain. Lingering here for any length of time would have led to extremely high losses, a fact SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr was well aware of. He thus assembled his Bataillon together and fearlessly stormed against the 12 tanks with blank weapons. Panzerfaust in hand, he inspired his men forwards through the strong enemy fire and personally destroyed a T-34. This deed, unexcelled in either courage or guts, was the shining beacon for thousands of German soldiers. They assailed the fire-front of the enemy tanks, overran all enemy resistance and reached the protection of the woods east of Oktjabr with minor losses. This led to a union with the friendly relief forces located at Lissyanka.

6.) Attack against the western part of Kovel and Hill 189.5 (17.04.1944):

During the fighting for ‘Fortress Kowel’ the enemy succeeded in taking over the western part of the city and Hill 189.5, located to the west of Kowel. The high ground around 189.5 was particularly dominating, and offered excellent observation possibilities for the enemy against the supply routes to Kowel. For his reason it was secured with a deeply-layered defensive system and several mine belts. As such, in order to deny the enemy their grip on the city and its supply routes, an operation was ordered to take place on the 17.04.1944. The aim was to seize the high ground and clear out the western part of the city.

The Kampfgruppe of SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr was assigned to attack Hill 189.5.

The unit moved out at 02:30, and it moved swiftly along the Kowel-Cholm railroad. It was not long before it had captured the enemy strongpoints located 1200 metres south of the railroad junction. It was now possible to launch the friendly attack against Hill 189.5 in a southerly direction. Sturmbannführer Dorr personally led the assault units and, achieving total surprise, they were able to enter into the enemy defensive system with blank weapons. The totally surprised enemy were pushed out of their important positions and fled to the high ground towards the south. SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr immediately took advantage of this favourable situation. He pursued the fleeing enemy and succeeded in also capturing the high ground after a bloody engagement. Now acting on his own initiative, he oriented a Kompanie towards the east. This unit entered into the western part of Kowel from the north and threw the enemy back towards the south. This decisive deed enabled the attack of the second group against the western part of Kowel (which had been pinned down by the enemy’s heavy defensive fire) to once again come into motion. The enemy was thrown back here as well, and the ordered attack objective was reached.

It was once again the personal intervention and outstanding bravery of SS-Sturmbannführer Dorr that was decisive for this successful outcome. The western part of the Fortress was completely cleared of the enemy, a commanding hill position taken and the friendly supply activity secured from the interference of the enemy.”










Source:
https://bildarchiv.bsb-muenchen.de/metaopac/start.do?View=bildarchiv
https://www.facebook.com/search/top/?q=knight%27s%20cross%20holders%20history%20%26%20research&epa=SEARCH_BOX
https://www.tracesofwar.com/persons/13247/Dorr-Hans.htm

Bio of Major der Reserve Herbert Weiß



Herbert Weiß (born November 1, 1899 in Dresden, † February 19, 1945 in Eichendorffmühl, Ratibor district) was a German administrative officer. As a soldier, he fought in both world wars, most recently as a Major der Reserve and regimental commander in the Wehrmacht.

After completing secondary school in Berlin-Neukölln, Weiß joined the administrative career of statutory accident insurance as a candidate. After the outbreak of the First World War, he volunteered for the Prussian Army at the age of 17. He was trained in the Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 610 and came to the Western Front in May 1918 with the 7. Rheinischen Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 69. In August 1918 he was wounded by shrapnel on the neck, but he remained with the company. As a private, he was awarded the Iron Cross II class. Until the November Revolution, he participated in all combat operations of the regiment.

Released from the army in 1919, he continued his administrative career in social security in the Weimar Republic. He became a bailiff in 1930 and deputy managing director of the professional association for health service and welfare in Berlin in 1939. As a reserve officer, he did military training with the Brandenburger Infanterie-Regiment 68 of the 23. Infanterie-Division. There he had been a Leutnant der Reserve since 1938. He worked on a voluntary basis as a sub-group leader in the Reichsluftschutzbund (Reich Air Protection Association).

When World War II broke out, he was drafted into Infanterie-Regiment 466 (257. Infanterie-Division) and used in the Polish campaign until the regiment was moved to the Western Front in late 1939. As a Oberleutnant der Reserve and company commander, he participated in the western campaign. In October 1940 he became company commander in the Infanterie-Regiment 418 (123. Infanterie-Division), which on June 22, 1941 advanced from East Prussia to Leningrad. On July 21, 1941, he was badly wounded east of Dünaburg by a machine-gun shot in the right thigh. With the Iron Cross 1st Class he returned to his regiment on the war front southeast of Lake Ilmen in April 1942. He was promoted to Hauptmann der Reserve on May 1, 1942 and was entrusted with the command of the 2nd battalion. To defend a strategically important railway line, on September 25, 1942, he defeated a far superior enemy forces in a rapid counterattack with two platoon of his battalion. He was again seriously wounded by a shot in the left shoulder. In the military hospital he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on January 7, 1943. Franz Seldte congratulated as Reich Labor Minister. After being promoted to Major der Reserve on March 1, 1943, from April 1943 to January 1945 he was served as a teaching officer and chief inspector at Schule IV für Fahnenjunker der Infanterie in Thorn, West Prussia.

On February 3, 1945, he took over as regimental commander of the newly established Grenadier-Führernachwuchs-Regiment 1243 in Potsdam, with which he moved to the front at Ratibor in Upper Silesia ten days later. He then killed in the battle on the Oder. His body was recovered and buried on March 3, 1945 in a funeral with military honors in Racibórz. After the German-Polish agreement in 1991, Weiß was relocated to the German military cemetery near Laurahütte.

Weiß left behind his wife and two sons. Egbert Weiß was a judge at the Higher Regional Court, while Helmut Weiß was department president in the Federal Insurance Office and later ministerial adviser to the military commissioner of the German Bundestag.



Source:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Wei%C3%9F_(Beamter)

Tuesday, March 24, 2020

Major Hermann Krenzer

Hermann Krenzer (1 March 1907 - 22 December 1988) received the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 14 December 1941 as Oberleutnant and Chef 2.Kompanie / I.Bataillon / Infanterie-Regiment 379 / 169.Infanterie-Division / XXXVI.Armeekorps / Armee Norwegen. His last rank was Major (promoted on 1 March 1943).


Source:
http://soldaten.balsi.de/index.php?action=show&id=15421
https://www.facebook.com/groups/152986901863424/
https://mihla.de/chronik.php?s_id=7610

Suhren Brothers: Gerd and Reinhard Suhren

The Suhren Brothers are both Ritterkreuzträger (recipients of the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) from U-bootwaffe, and they were pictured together in a photo that was taken in 1940-1941. From left to right: Oberleutnant (Ing.) Gerd Suhren (May 16, 1914 - May 6, 1991) and Oberleutnant zur See Reinhard "Teddy" Suhren (April 16, 1916 - August 25, 1984). The older brother Gerd was the first to get Ritterkreuz on October 21, 1940 as a LI (Leiter-Ingenieur aka Chief of Engineer) at U-37 (he was listed as the first engine officer in the entire Kriegsmarine to get the prestigious medal!). His brother Reinhard followed shortly afterwards, on November 3, 1940, as a 1. Wachoffizier (First Watch Officer) at U-48, the most successful German submarine in World War II. Reinhard's achievements did not stop there, because when he took command of his own ship, U-564, he "went berserk" by sinking 19 ships (with one of them is warship) which he achieved only in a period of approximately one year only! For his amazing feat, Reinhard was rewarded with two additional medals for his Ritterkreuz: Eichenlaub (31 December 1941) and Schwerter (1 September 1942). The two brothers survived until the end of the World War II. As his brother Gerd continued his military career in the Bundesmarine (West German Navy), Reinhard chose to reject the repeated calls to join the same unit, stating explicitly that he was not willing to serve in a military institution that looked at all former Wehrmacht soldiers only as a bunch of criminals!


Source :
https://wehrmachtss.blogspot.com/2020/03/gerd-dan-reinhard-suhren.html

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Generalleutnant Hermann Flörke


 
Generalleutnant Hermann Flörke in a studio picture by Walter Frentz after he met with Adolf Hitler at Führerhauptquartier Wolfsschanze on September 1944, not long after he received the Eichenlaub #565 for his Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 5 September 1944 as Kommandeur 14. Infanterie-Division. Previously, Flörke had already received the Ritterkreuz on 15 December 1943 as a Generalmajor and commander of the same division. Other decorations that he got: 1914 Eisernes Kreuz II.Klasse (15 June 1915) und I.Klasse (27 August 1917); Ritterkreuz des Königlicher Preußischer Hausorden von Hohenzollern mit Schwertern; Hamburgisches Hanseatenkreuz; Verwundetenabzeichen 1918 in Schwarz; Ehrenkreuz für Frontkämpfer 1914-1918; Dienstauszeichnung der Wehrmacht IV. bis I.Klasse; 1939 spange zum 1914 Eisernes Kreuz II.Klasse (15 October 1939) und I.Klasse (21 May 1940); Deutsches Kreuz in Gold (23 October 1942); Großkreuzes Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (10 March 1967); serta Bundesverdienstkreuz (10 March 1967). His name was also mentioned in Wehrmachtbericht (19 November 1943)


Source :
http://www.historicalwarmilitariaforum.com/topic/6937-ritterkreuztr%C3%A4ger-photos-in-color-thread/?page=21&tab=comments#comment-42648

Walther von Reichenau in Russia

Generalfeldmarschall Walther von Reichenau (facing the camera, Oberbefehlshaber 6. Armee) in the summer of 1941 during Unternehmen Barbarossa - German invasion of Soviet Union. The picture was taken by Alois Beck, a Parish priest and amateur photographer in the Second World War on the Eastern Front and in Stalingrad. After the war Beck gave many lectures on the Battle of Stalingrad and tried to clarify the fate of fallen or missing German soldiers in Russia.


Source:
https://www.akg-images.com/Package/2UMEBMJZRZRZ

The Surrender of Dietrich von Choltitz


General der Infanterie Dietrich von Choltitz surrendered to Général de brigade Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque (Commander 2e Division Blindée), 25 August 1944. On 7 August previously he was appointed as Kommandierenden General und Wehrmachtbefehlshaber von Groß-Paris (Military Governor of Paris). At a meeting in Germany the following day, Hitler instructed him to be prepared to leave no Parisian religious building or historical monument standing. After Choltitz's arrival in Paris on 9 August, Hitler confirmed the order by cable: "The city must not fall into the enemy's hand except lying in complete rubble." A week later Hitler, in a rage, screamed, "Brennt Paris?" (Is Paris burning?). On 15 August 1944, the Paris police went on strike, followed on 19 August by a general insurrection led by the French Communist Party. The German garrison under Choltitz fought back but was far too small to quell the uprising. He brokered a ceasefire with the insurgents on 20 August, but many Resistance groups did not accept it, and a series of skirmishes continued on the next day. On 25 August, Choltitz surrendered the German garrison of 17,000 men to the Free French, leaving the city largely intact. Because Hitler's directive was not carried out, Choltitz has been described by some as the "Saviour of Paris". General von Choltitz later claimed in his memoir of 1951 that he defied Hitler's order to destroy Paris because he loved the city and had decided that Hitler was by then insane. It is known that the Swedish consul-general in Paris, Raoul Nordling, and the president of the municipal council, Pierre Taittinger, held several meetings with Choltitz, during which he negotiated the release of political prisoners. The all-night confrontation between Nordling and Choltitz on the eve of the surrender, as depicted in the 1965 book and 1966 film, Is Paris Burning?, and again in the 2014 film Diplomacy — in which Nordling persuades Choltitz to spare the city in return for a pledge to protect his family — was reported as factual in some newspaper stories, but lacks a definitive historical basis.









Source :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietrich_von_Choltitz
https://wtop.com/europe/2019/05/rare-color-footage-brings-d-day-memories-alive-75-years-on/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbBA77lgbak

General der Infanterie Werner Kienitz

General der Infanterie Werner Kienitz (Kommandierender General XVII. Armeekorps) and his staff officers looking at ancient pillars in France. The picture was probably taken in May-June 1940, when Kienitz and his corps were stationed in Aisne, France. Between 11 and 13 November 1939, XVII. Armeekorps was transferred to France, and from January 1940 onwards it was placed under reserve in the 2. Armee. During the second phase of the Western campaign, XVII Corps was transferred in June 1940 to the 12th Army and deployed for the attack on the Aisne.


Source :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVII_Army_Corps_(Wehrmacht)
https://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=14230&start=9690

Agustín Muñoz Grandes in Russia

Agustín Muñoz Grandes (27 January 1896 – 11 July 1970) was a Spanish general, Commander of 250. Infanterie-Division (División Azul / Blaue Division) in the Wehrmacht between 1941 and 1942. This Spanish Civil War veteran was given command of the División Azul, Generalísimo Franco's volunteer unit created for service under the Wehrmacht in Russia, in 1941. Muñoz Grandes was well acquainted with the German military establishment, and attended several interviews with Wilhelm Canaris and Adolf Hitler. During his command Muñoz Grandes was decorated with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), with Oak Leaves (Eichenlaub) personally added by Hitler. He was recalled to Spain in December 1942. A promotion to Lieutenant General awaited him at home, and his post on the Eastern Front was taken up by Emilio Esteban Infantes.


Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Mu%C3%B1oz_Grandes
https://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=14230&start=8190

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

Hans Mohrmann

Hans Mohrmann received the Ritterkreuz de Eisernen Kreuzes on 24 June 1944 as Hauptmann der Reserve and Kommandeur I.Bataillon / Grenadier-Regiment 892 / 264.Infanterie-Division. He is the Ritterkreuzträger from that division!


Source :
https://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=29879&p=2249947&hilit=mohrmann#p2249947

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Short Bio of SS-Hauptsturmführer Viktor Gräbner



By: Jay Lance

Viktor Eberhard Gräbner was born on May 24, 1914 in Leipzig. He joined the Allgemeine SS as a SS-Mann (private) in 1937, about the same time he entered military service in the German Army. At the outbreak of World War II, he had advanced to the rank of Leutnant (Second Lieutenant). In 1941, he participated as front line soldier during "Operation Barbarossa," the invasion of Russia. On October 1, 1941, he was promoted to Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant) in command of the 2nd Company, 256th Reconnaissance Battalion, of the 256th Infantry Division and participated in the Battle for Moscow, which started the following day. He was awarded the German Cross in Gold in May 1942, probably in the Battle of Rzhev, as his unit was listed in that area during that time.

In January 1943 he transferred to the Waffen-SS and into the newly formed 9th SS Panzer Division “Hohenstaufen” with the equivalent rank of SS-Obersturmführer (1st Lt) and in March 1943 he was promoted to Hauptsturmführer (Captain). In June, his division was moved to Normandy and was involved in heavy fighting during the Battle for Caen, followed by a series of battles in France. In July 1944, he was awarded the Close Combat Clasp in Bronze, for 15 battle days of close combat. In August 1944 he was given command of SS-Aufklärungs Abteilung 9 (the division's reconnaissance battalion) and on August 23, 1944 he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his actions in July, following a recommendation signed August 6, 1944 by his commander, Oberführer Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock, and approved by Obergruppenführer Willi Bittrich, head of the II SS Panzer Corps. He did not receive the award until September 17, 1944, the day before he died.

Hauptsturmführer Gräbner is best known for his part in the Battle of Arnhem (Operation Market Garden). On September 17, 1944, the 40-vehicles of his reconnaissance battalion was ordered south, to carry out a reconnaissance of the allied airborne landings between Arnhem and Nijmegen. On his return to Arnhem, the bridge across the Rhine had been captured by Lt. Col. John Frost's 2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment. Gräbner was informed that enemy paratroopers had captured the northern end of the Arnhem bridge. Leaving behind a few of his vehicles from his unit in the town of Elst, Gelderland, midway between Arnhem and Nijmegen, he took it upon himself to clear the area around Arnhem bridge of whatever paratroopers where there. He traveled during the night north towards Arnhem, and arrived 9:30 a.m. on the morning of September 18. Hauptsturmführer Gräbner ordered his battalion, numbering about 22 armored cars, half-tracks, and a few trucks with infantry, to assault the bridge. The first five German armored cars of the column managed to make it across the bridge unscathed due to the fact that they took the defenders by surprise. The British had laid mines on the bridge's approaches and these were expertly avoided by the speeding German drivers. In the resulting two-hour battle, the battalion was beaten back with heavy losses and forced to retreat back to Elst where it played no further role in the fighting around Arnhem. Of the 22 armored vehicles that were involved in the assault, 12 were destroyed or knocked out and over 70 men killed, including Gräbner.

His body, along with those of his men killed in this battle, were originally buried in marked graves at a temporary location near where they fell. Sometime later, they were relocated to Ysselsteyn German war cemetery, where sadly, their individual identities were not properly documented, which resulted with each man being buried with a cross bearing the words "EIN DEUTSCHER SOLDAT" (a German Soldier) and the date 18.9.44.




Sources :
Photo collection John P. Moore
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/142308104/viktor-eberhard-gr_bner?fbclid=IwAR3vMZRGK73BB9aEvNf-JSXF4udfJ8QOe32lzC27E_Xi96nnQOtrc1iiNuw
http://www.wehrmacht-awards.com/forums/showthread.php?t=167653

Monday, December 9, 2019

Short Biography of Generalleutnant Artur Schmitt



By: Dr. Sandy Mitcham
Artur Schmitt was born at Albersweiler in the Rhineland Palatinate on July 20, 1888, he joined the Bavarian Army as a Fahnenjunker in 1907, and was commissioned Leutnant in the 18th Bavarian Infantry Regiment in 1909. He fought in World War I, where he earned both grades of the Iron Cross. Like so many excellent officers, however, Schmitt was not selected for the 4,000 officer "Treaty Army." Discharged in 1920, he joined the Bavarian State Police, and in 1934 was promoted to lieutenant colonel of police. The following year, Hitler renounced the Treaty of Versailles, and Schmitt applied to return to active duty. He joined the Reichsheer as a colonel on October 1, 1935.

Schmitt was named commander of the XI Field Ordnance Command in early 1937. He held this post until February 1940, when he assumed command of the 626th Infantry Regiment. This Stellungs (positional or static) unit, which was part of the 555th Infantry Division, was made up of Landesschuetzen--men from the older age groups--and was considered fourth class (capable of limited defensive missions only). The virtually immobile 626th occupied defensive positions on the Upper Rhine in the spring and summer of 1940, while more mobile German formations with younger soldiers overran France, Belgium and the Netherlands. After the fall of Paris, the 626th and its parent division moved to Bielefeld. In September 1940, Colonel Schmitt briefly served as acting commander of the 555th Infantry Division, which Hitler had already ordered disbanded. 31 When this process was completed on September 25, Schmitt resumed command of the XI Field Ordnance. He did so well in this post that he was named commander of the 2nd Higher Ordnance Staff on February 19, 1941, and was promoted to major general, effective February 1, 1941.

In the eyes of OKW, Schmitt had proven himself as a ordnance and field ordnance commander. The next step in his logical career progression was to direct a rear area command. He was given Korueck 556--the 556th Rear Area Command, which was subordinate to Panzer Group Afrika. He assumed his new post on September 9, 1941.

Due to British command of the air and sea, Schmitt's difficulties in his new post were insurmountable. The situation became so critical that Hitler transferred the 2nd Air Fleet from the Russian Front to Sicily in November 1941. It was able to relieve the pressure on Rommel's supply lines, but it was too late to help Panzer Group Afrika during Operation "Crusader," the major British winter offensive of 1941/42. In addition, Rommel was short of senior German officers, and he did not trust the Italians to defend "the Eastern Sector" (Bardia, Sollum and Halfaya Pass) to the utmost. He did, however, trust Schmitt to do so. For this reason, the Desert Fox named Artur Schmitt commander of the ad hoc Sector East on November 10. The Allied offensive began seven days later.

Schmitt headquartered at Bardia, where he had previously located his forward ordnance depot and shops. He was cut off when the 21st Panzer Division withdrew on November 26, and he lost effective control of the Sollum and Halfaya Pass garrisons. Shortly thereafter, his ad hoc command was given the designation Division Bardia. It consisted of 4,200 Italians from the Savona Division and 2,200 Germans, mostly from the administrative services. They were besieged by elements of the 2nd South African Infantry Division, the 1st Army Tank Brigade, the Polish Brigade, the artillery of the 2nd New Zealand Infantry Division, and strong elements of the Royal Navy and Air Force.

Despite the fact that he had few combat troops, Schmitt held his positions for more than a month. Then, about New Years Day, he lost his last water hole and did not have the resources to retake it. He surrendered the garrison on January 2, 1942. When the South Africans entered the city, they liberated 1,100 British prisoners

During the Siege of Bardia, Schmitt found his Italian forces to be of very little use. (The best part of the Savona Division was cut off in the desert with General di Giorgia.) After he surrendered, General Schmitt caused a bit of an international incident by publicly stating that he would have held out much longer if the Italians allies had performed better. The Italian government was highly offended, but Rommel sided with his general. At his recommendation, Artur Schmitt was awarded the Knight's Cross on February 5. It would be some time before he got to wear the decoration, however; at the time, he was on a the British transport ship Pasteur, in the Red Sea, headed for Canada.

Even as a prisoner-of-war, General Schmitt did not stop resisting. He, General von Ravenstein and Major Bach, among others, developed a plot to seize control of the ship and take it to Singapore, which was then occupied by the Japanese. Unfortunately, the British got wind of the plan, seized the leaders, and placed them in solitary confinement. They even considered throwing the ringleaders into the sea but, fortunately for Schmitt, von Ravenstein and Bach, cooler heads prevailed.

Once they reached shore, Ravenstein and Schmitt temporarily roomed together in a POW camp. This did not work out well for the sophisticated Ravenstein, who disliked the simpler, less education and more dogmatic Schmitt. He was pleased when they were separated.

Hitler and OKH were also obviously unoffended by the outspoken Schmitt's remarks. On January 1, 1943, they promoted him to lieutenant general. After the Pasteur incident, Schmitt's time as a POW was uneventful, and he was released on October 5, 1947. He retired to Munich, where he died on January 15, 1972.


Source :
https://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=127412

Sunday, September 8, 2019

Color Photo of Heinrich Wittmer

Oberst im Generalstab Heinrich Wittmer (28 February 1910 - 27 June 1992) is a Luftwaffe bomber ace who received the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 12 November 1941 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur III.Gruppe / Kampfgeschwader 55 (KG 55) "Greif". He was awarded the prestigious medal for his success as a bomber pilot in missions against England in 1940 (where his bombers particularly distinguished themselves in an attack on the Westland aircraft factory in Yeovil) and against the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941. He flew a total of 184 combat missions in his entire active military career.


Source :
https://reibert.info/media/albums/rycarskij-krest-zheleznogo-kresta-1.5054/?page=2
https://www.tracesofwar.com/persons/49339/Wittmer-Heinrich.htm?c=aw

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Color Photo of Ernst-Hasse von Langenn-Steinkeller

Oberst Ernst-Hasse von Langenn-Steinkeller (7 December 1916 - 5 September 2004) received the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 9 June 1944 as Rittmeister and Kommandeur Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 24 / 24.Panzer-Division. Previously, he also got the Deutsches Kreuz in Gold on 25 January 1943 as Kommandeur Kradschützen-Abteilung 4 / 24.Panzer-Division.


Source :
http://www.wehrmacht-awards.com/forums/showthread.php?t=75064