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Monday, January 1, 2024

Bio of Generalleutnant Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (1892-1961)

Kurt-Jürgen Henning Bruno Robert Freiherr von Lützow

Date of Birth: 07.08.1892 - Marienwerder, Westpreußen (German Empire)
Date of Death: 20.07.1961 - Hannover, Niedersachsen (West Germany)
Buried: Stadtfriedhof Seelhorst, Hannover

Battles and Operations: Invasion of Poland (1939), Battle of France (1940), Operation Barbarossa (1941), Siege of Leningrad (1941-1942), Demyansk Pocket (1942), Operation Bagration (1944), and Bobruysk Offensive (1944)

Promotions:
20.01.1914 Leutnant
18.08.1917 Oberleutnant
01.04.1925 Hauptmann (17)
01.05.1934 Major (13)
01.10.1936 Oberstleutnant (12)
01.06.1939 Oberst (9)
01.01.1942 Generalmajor (7a)
21.01.1943 Generalleutnant mit RDA vom 01.01.1943 (32)

Career:
20.01.1914 1. Brandenburgisches Leib-Grenadier-Regiment "König Friedrich Wilhelm III" Nr. 8
00.00.1914 Adjutant I.Bataillon / Leib-Grenadier-Regiment "König Friedrich Wilhelm III" Nr. 8
03.05.1915 Chef 6.Kompanie / Leib-Grenadier-Regiment "König Friedrich Wilhelm III" Nr. 8
25.08.1915 Adjutant Leib-Grenadier-Regiment "König Friedrich Wilhelm III" Nr. 8
18.05.1917 Adjutant 10. Infanterie-Brigade
26.02.1918 Stabsoffizier of the Chef des Generalstabes des Heeres
30.09.1919 auxiliary officer with Wehrkreiskommando III
01.10.1920 Stabsoffizier in the 3. Division
01.11.1921 transferred to Reiter-Regiment 14
00.00.1922 Infanterie-Regiment 6 in Lübeck
01.04.1924 in 16.Kompanie / Infanterie-Regiment 6 (Ratzeburg)
01.05.1925 Chef 15.Kompanie / Infanterie-Regiment 6 (Ratzeburg)
01.05.1926 Chef 7.Kompanie / Infanterie-Regiment 6 (Eutin)
01.05.1929 Chef 10.Kompanie / Infanterie-Regiment 6 (Flensburg)
01.05.1932 Stabsoffizier Infanterie-Regiment 6 (Lübeck)
01.05.1933 Stabsoffizier II.Bataillon / Infanterie-Regiment 6 (Lübeck)
01.02.1935 Kommandeur III.Bataillon / Infanterie-Regiment 9 (Potsdam)
15.10.1935 Kommandeur III.Bataillon / Infanterie-Regiment 67 (Berlin)
01.04.1937 - 01.09.1939 Erster Adjutant Generalfeldmarschall August von Mackensen
12.10.1937 Stabsoffizier II.Armeekorps und Adjutant Generalfeldmarschall von Mackensen
01.09.1939 - 09.02.1942 Kommandeur Infanterie-Regiment 89 / 12.Infanterie-Division
09.03.1942 - 11.07.1942 mit der Führung 12. Infanterie-Division beuaftragt
11.07.1942 - 25.06.1944 Kommandeur 12. Infanterie-Division
25.06.1944 - 05.07.1944 Kommandierender General XXXV. Armeekorps
05.07.1944 - 16.01.1956 in Soviet captivity

Awards and Decorations:
29.09.1914 1914 Eisernes Kreuz II.Klasse
27.01.1915 Mecklenburg-Schwerinsches Militär-Verdienstkreuz I.Klasse
16.03.1916 1914 Eisernes Kreuz I.Klasse
24.11.1917 Ritterkreuz des Königlich Preußischen Hausordens von Hohenzollern mit Schwertern
17.05.1918 Ritterkreuz II.Klasse des Sächsische Albrechts-Orden mit Schwertern
07.10.1918 Turkish Ḥarp Madalyası (Eiserner Halbmond / Gallipoli Star)
19.10.1918 Österreichisches Militär-Verdienstkreuz III.Klasse
29.03.1934 Cruz del Mérito Militar de 1. Clasa con Distintivo Blanco (Spain)
01.01.1935 Ehrenkreuz für Frontkämpfer 1914-1918
02.10.1936 Wehrmacht Dienstauszeichnung II.Klasse (18 Jahre)
20.01.1939 Wehrmacht Dienstauszeichnung I.Klasse (25 Jahre)
00.00.193_ Deutsches Reichssportabzeichen (DRL-Sportabzeichen)
14.09.1939 1939 Spange zum 1914 Eisernes Kreuz II.Klasse
13.10.1939 1939 Spange zum 1914 Eisernes Kreuz I.Klasse
00.00.194_ Infanterie-Sturmabzeichen in Silber
15.08.1940 Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes #186, as Oberst and Kommandeur Infanterie-Regiment 89 / 12.Infanterie-Division. The following wartime excerpt (dated 30.08.1940) describes why Lützow received the Ritterkreuz “Oberst Freiherr von Lützow was previously wounded by a shell splinter during the Polish campaign, however at the time he nonetheless retained the leadership of his Regiment. Later, in France, he proved himself to be an outstanding leader wherever his Regiment found itself in action. In all these situations he led his Bataillone from the foremost line in an outstanding manner and without heed for the enemy artillery/infantry fire. His personal boldness and intervention in the combat were major factors that enabled his men to achieve their assigned tasks within a very short time and while sustaining only minimal losses. A prime example of this was during the attack across the Scarpe river at Monchy (east of Arras) on the 23.05.1940.”
21.10.1941 Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub #37, as Oberst and Kommandeur Infanterie-Regiment 89 / 12.Infanterie-Division. Awarded for his actions during Operation Barbarossa. After breaking through the Soviet border security lineeast of Schoßbach, Lützow led his Regiment in a 65 km march that reached the attack objective of Szeszupa. Later, during the attack on Kowno, he and his Regiment formed a bridgehead over the Njemen while capturing two forts despite having had to fight through bitter resistance by Soviet Kyrgyzstani and Tatar regiments. On the 15-16.07.1941 the Regiment especially distinguished itself near Putoschka. Finally, after hard fighting, the Regiment reached the line Nikitina—Kokotschina and from here were able to repel all tank-supported Soviet breakthrough attempts. This last victory was of special importance for securing the encirclement of several Soviet divisions near Newel.
10.11.1941 Verwundetenabzeichen 1939 in Silber
00.07.1942 Medaille "Winterschlacht im Osten 1941/42" (Ostmedaille)
00.00.194_ Demjankschild

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On the 20 January 1914, after Officer training in the Imperial Corps of Cadets, a young Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow joined his first unit (1st Brandenburg Leib-Grenadier-Regiment "King Friedrich Wilhelm III" No. 8) as a second lieutenant.

After the outbreak of WW1 von Lützow took up the position of adjutant of the 1st Battalion, on the 3rd May 1915 put in command of the 6th Company and on the 25th August 1915 appointed regimental adjutant.

On the 18th May 1917, von Lützow transferred to the 10th Infantry Brigade as adjutant, was promoted to first lieutenant on the 18th August 1917, and on the 26th February 1918 was transferred the staff of the Chief of the General Staff of the Army where he remained until the war’s end.

At the end of WWI, the forces of the German Empire had mostly split up, the men making their way home individually or in small groups. Many of them joined the Freikorps ("Free Corps"), a collection of volunteer paramilitary units that were involved in revolution and border clashes between 1918 and 1923.

The newly formed Weimar Republic did need a military though, and on 6 March 1919 a decree established the Vorläufige Reichswehr ("Provisional National Defence"), consisting of a Vorläufige Reichsheer ("Provisional National Army") and a Vorläufige Reichsmarine ("Provisional National Navy"). On 30 September 1919, the army was reorganized as the Übergangsheer ("Transitional Army"). About 400,000 men served in the armed forces. This lasted until 1 January 1921, when the Reichswehr was officially established according to the limitations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles (Articles 159 to 213).

Von Lützow continued his army career in the Transitional Army as an auxiliary officer with Wehrkreiskommando III until the 1st October 1920 when he was transferred to the staff of the 3rd Division.

The official establishment of the ‘Reichswehr’ saw von Lützow’s experience being used in the reorganization of various units.

On the 1st November 1921 he transferred to the 14th Cavalry Regiment (14./Reiter-Regiment) and a year later to the 6th Infantry Regiment in Lübeck where he stayed until 30th September 1934.

During his deployment with the 6th Infantry Regiment, he received promotion to Captain (1 April 1925) and given command of the 15th Company in Lauenburg (1st June 1924), 10th Company in Flensburg (1st February 1929) and in April 1932 appointed to the Staff of the 2nd Battalion, Lübeck where he was promoted to Major on the 1st May 1934.

A year later von Lützow was transferred to the newly formed Infantry Regiment 67 and put in command of the 3rd Battilion.

On the 1st October 1936 he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and on 1st April 1937 was transferred to the ’Generalkommando des II. Armeekorps’ as Adjutant to Generalfeldmarschall August von Mackensen.

During his time as Adjutant to von Mackensen, von Lützow received his promotion to Colonel (1st June 1939) and on the 26th August 1939 took over command of Infantry Regiment 89 (12. Infantry-Division - Schwerin) from Colonel Alexander von Zülow.

In September 1939, The 12th Division was mobilized and entered Poland as part of Armeekorps 'Wodrig' of Generalleutnant von Kuchler's 3rd Armee, Heeresgruppe Nord.

von Lützow’s Infantry Regiment served with distinction during the Polish Campaign in the North and the battles around Warsaw.

In the spring of 1940 the Division prepared for the Western Campaign.  On the 10th May the Division moved into Belgium as part of 2nd Armeekorps of the 4th Armee where it was involved in the plan devised by Generalmajor von Manstein known as 'Sikelschnitt’ (Sickle Cut) which divided the French and British forces as they moved through Belgium forcing the British Expeditionary Force to the coast at Dunkirk.

von Lützow’s Regiment were operational in the arm that swept round the Allied force, and were instrumental in preventing a desperate attempt by the French to punch through and rescue their beleaguered allies. The Division marched on after Dunkirk and reached the coast of Biscay in the Vendee before France signed an armistice.

On the 15th August 1940, von Lützow was awarded the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes  (Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross) for his distinguished service in the Polish and Western Campaigns.

The 12th Infantry Division remained in the West as part of the occupying forces until the 25th May 1941 when it was moved to East Prussia.

On the 22nd June 1941 the Division, as part of Second Armeekorp of the sixteenth army, Heeresgruppe Nord marched into Lithuania, and so started the largest invasion in the history of warfare, “Operation Barbarossa”

Crossing the Niemen River the division captured Kaunas (Kovno) and reached the Dvina on 2nd July. In early August the division approached the area of Kholm and following a series of heavy engagements there and in the Valdia Hills it reached the source of the Volga River south of the Demyansk in mid-September.

On the 21st October 1941 von Lützow was awarded ‘Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub’ (The Oak Leaves to Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross) which was not only a great honour for von Lützow, being the first army officer to receive the award, but for his regiment and division as well.

On the 17th December 1941, von Lützow was promoted to Major General and in January 1942 took over command of the 12th Infantry Division from Generalleutnant Walter von Seydlitz-Kurzbach.

On the 1st November 1943, he received a promotion to Lieutenant General, and on the 25th June 1944 was given command of the XXXV.Corps of the 9th Army during the time of the ‘Babruysk Offensive’.

By June 27, Soviet forces were converging near Babruysk, trapping the five divisions of Ninth Army's northernmost corps, von Lützow's XXXV Corps, east of the Berezina. Elements of the central XXXXI Panzer Corps were also trapped, along with the 20th Panzer Division. The disorganised German divisions commenced a series of desperate attempts to escape the pocket, which stretched for several miles along the river's eastern bank: the Soviets reported large fires on 27 June as the Germans destroyed their heavy equipment and attempted to break out, but Soviet air attack and artillery inflicted appalling casualties on the encircled forces. In the meantime, Hitler had relieved General Hans Jordan of command due to his confusing instructions to 20th Panzer; Ninth Army was dealt another blow when its main communications headquarters was destroyed by bombing. On the following day, reinforcements arrived behind German lines in the form of 12th Panzer Division, whose commander was greeted by Ninth Army's chief of staff with the words "Good to see you — Ninth Army no longer exists!"

On the 5th July 1944, von Lützow, along with the remnants of his shattered XXXV Corps were finally taken prisoner by the Red Army on the east bank of the river Berezina.




Young Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow as a Hauptmann in the 1920s. He is wearing Reichswehr uniform with three Imperial awards: ribbon of 1914 Eisernes Kreuz II.Klasse (29 September 1914), 1914 Eisernes Kreuz I.Klasse (16 March 1916) and the ribbon of Ritterkreuz des Königlich Preußischen Hausordens von Hohenzollern mit Schwertern (24 November 1917).



Oberst Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (Kommandeur Infanterie-Regiment 89 / 12.Infanterie-Division) with the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes which he received on 15 August 1940. The following wartime excerpt (dated 30 August 1940) describes why Lützow received the Ritterkreuz: “Oberst Freiherr von Lützow was previously wounded by a shell splinter during the Polish campaign, however at the time he nonetheless retained the leadership of his Regiment. Later, in France, he proved himself to be an outstanding leader wherever his Regiment found itself in action. In all these situations he led his Bataillone from the foremost line in an outstanding manner and without heed for the enemy artillery/infantry fire. His personal boldness and intervention in the combat were major factors that enabled his men to achieve their assigned tasks within a very short time and while sustaining only minimal losses. A prime example of this was during the attack across the Scarpe river at Monchy (east of Arras) on 23 May 1940.”



Generalmajor Walther von Sedlitz-Kurzbach (left, Kommandeur 12. Infanterie-Division) and Oberst Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (Kommandeur Infanterie-Regiment 89 / 12.Infanterie-Division). The picture was probably taken during Unternehmen Barbarossa, 1941, when the division became a part of 16.Armee / Heeresgruppe Nord. It took part in the capture of Latvian city of Daugavpils, sweeping north-eastward to Leningrad where it was finally stopped in its tracks during the siege effort.



Generaloberst Ernst Busch (left, Oberbefehlshaber 16. Armee) and Oberst Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (Kommandeur Infanterie-Regiment 89 / 12.Infanterie-Division) studying a map somewhere in the Eastern Front, 11 August 1941. Original caption: "Siegreiche deutsche Heerführer im Osten. Der Oberkommandierende einer Armeegruppe Generaloberst Busch bei einer Besprechung mit Oberst von Lützow" (Victorious German military leaders in the East: The commander-in-chief of an army group, Colonel General Busch, at a meeting with Colonel von Lützow).


Adolf Hitler (Führer und Oberster Befehlshaber der Wehrmacht) at Eichenlaub award ceremony for Oberst Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (Kommandeur Infanterie-Regiment 89 / 12.Infanterie-Division) which were held at the Führerhauptquartier Wolfsschanze in Rastenburg, East Prussia, on 26 October 1941. This picture was taken by unknown photographer from Presse-Illustrationen Heinrich Hoffmann and was published by 'Berliner Morgenpost' on 4 January 1942. Oberst Lützow received the Eichenlaub #37 for his Ritterkreuz on 21 October 1941 for his actions during Operation Barbarossa. After breaking through the Soviet border security lineeast of Schoßbach, Lützow led his Regiment in a 65 km march that reached the attack objective of Szeszupa. Later, during the attack on Kowno, he and his Regiment formed a bridgehead over the Njemen while capturing two forts despite having had to fight through bitter resistance by Soviet Kyrgyzstani and Tatar regiments. On the 15-16 July 1941 the Regiment especially distinguished itself near Putoschka. Finally, after hard fighting, the Regiment reached the line Nikitina—Kokotschina and from here were able to repel all tank-supported Soviet breakthrough attempts. This last victory was of special importance for securing the encirclement of several Soviet divisions near Nevel.



A picture of young Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow with added Ritterkreuz. This picture was published in August 1942 with original caption: "Generalmajor von Lützow - 60 Jahre.
Generalmajor Freiherr von Lützow, dem der Führer als 37.Soldaten der deutschen Wehrmacht und Kommandeur eines Infanterie-Regimentes das Eichenlaub zum Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes verliehen hatte, begeht am 7.August seinen 60. Geburtstag" (Major General von Lützow - 60 years.
Major General Freiherr von Lützow, to whom the Führer awarded the Oak Leaves for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as the 37th soldier of the German Wehrmacht and commander of an infantry regiment, celebrates his 60th birthday on August 7th).


Oberst Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow as Kommandeur of Infanterie-Regiment 89 / 12.Infanterie-Division, possibly in the autumn of 1941.



Oberst Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow as Kommandeur of Infanterie-Regiment 89 / 12.Infanterie-Division, possibly in the autumn of 1941.



Private portrait of Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (center) on the Eastern Front with two of his staff officers. Notice the Eichenlaub in wear and the very tired look on his face! Von Lützow was awarded the Eichenlaub for his Ritterkreuz on 21 October 1941 while still commanding the Infanterie-Regiment 89. Little later he would be promoted into the General ranks and assume command of the 12. Infanterie-Division.



Generalmajor Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (Kommandeur 12. Infanterie-Division) with a wounded hand in sling, April 1942. The text in the back of the photo reads: "General von Lützow, Oberst Blom, Leutnant Fenner, and Hauptmann von Horn."



Generalmajor Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (Kommandeur 12. Infanterie-Division) in the Eastern Front, 1942. During the early months of 1942, the II. Armeekorps was subject to a Soviet counteroffensive to relieve Leningrad, resulting in five army divisions (the 12th, included) and the SS-Totenkopf division being encircled along with several other elements of the 16. Armee in the Demyansk Pocket. With support from Hermann Göring, planes containing supplies were flown in to aid the divisions while they were in the pocket for some 81 days between 8 February and 20 March 1942. Göring would later gloat about his success in freeing the pocket during the Battle of Stalingrad later that year when a similar airlift concept was applied. While liberated, the 12th Infantry had left the pocket in a much-weakened state.



Generalmajor Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (Kommandeur 12. Infanterie-Division) after crossing the river, somewhere in the Eastern Front.



Generalleutnant Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (Kommandierender General XXXV. Armeekorps) after being captured by the Soviets, July 1944.



Generalleutnant Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (Kommandierender General XXXV. Armeekorps) after being captured by the Soviets, July 1944.



Parade of high ranking Wehrmacht officers captured by the Red Army during Operation Bagration (also known as "Parade of the Vanquished" or "Operation Big Waltz"), which was held on the streets of Moscow on Monday, 17 July 1944. Approximately 57,000 German soldiers and officers from Heeresgruppe Mitte (most of whom were captured by Soviet troops from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Belorussian Fronts) were ordered to march through the Sadovoye Koltso (Garden Ring) and other main streets of the Soviet capital. This photo shows the parade starting point at Begovaya railway station. From left to right: 1.Generalleutnant Vincenz Müller (Kommandierender General XII. Armeekorps), 2.Generalleutnant Rudolf Bamler (Kommandeur 12. Infanterie-Division), 3.General der Infanterie Paul Völckers (Kommandierender General XXVII. Armeekorps), 4.Generalleutnant Walter Heyne (Kommandeur 6. Infanterie-Division), 5.Generalleutnant Adolf Hamann (Kommandant Festung Bobruisk), 6.Generalmajor Friedrich-Carl von Steinkeller (Kommandeur Panzergrenadier-Division "Feldherrnhalle”), 7.General der Infanterie Friedrich Gollwitzer (Kommandierender General LIII. Armeekorps), 7a.Generalleutnant Hermann Böhme (Kommandeur 73. Infanterie-Division), 8.Generalmajor Gustav Gihr (Kommandeur 707. Infanterie-Division), 9.Generalleutnant Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (Kommandierender General XXXV. Armeekorps), and 10.Generalmajor Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff (Kommandant Festung Mogilev). Other pictures from this occasion can be seen HERE.



The Parade of the Vanquished (Russian: Парад побеждëнных), also known as The Defeat Parade (Russian: Парад поражения), was a march of German prisoners of war on 17 July 1944 in Moscow. The parade was a result of the ongoing Operation Bagration on the Eastern Front, during World War II. Large numbers of German troops were held captive by the Soviets, and the operation was considered a turning point in the war and represented the largest losses of German troops. Approximately 57,000 captured troops were chosen, organized and paraded in Moscow. These men were among the most healthy to make the march as close to half of the total losses for Germany during the operation came from 160,000 troops dying on the march to Soviet prison camps. The parade was used by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to demonstrate the success of the operation.



NKFD (National Committee for a Free Germany) 14th session in Moscow, October 1944. Minute of silence to honour the deceased Wilhelm Florin. From left to right: Generalleutnant Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow, Erich Weinert, Generalleutnant Edmund Hoffmeister, General der Artillerie Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach, unknown, Generalfeldmarschall Friedrich Paulus, and Generalleutnant Vincenz Müller. The National Committee for a Free Germany (German: Nationalkomitee Freies Deutschland, or NKFD) was a German anti-Nazi organisation that operated in the Soviet Union during World War II.



8 December 8th 1944: Co-signer of the appeal 'To the people and the Wehrmacht' of the Bundes Deutscher Offiziere (BDO, Federation of German Officers) in the National Committee "Freies Deutschland" (NKFD, Free Germany). It was a German anti-Nazi organization that operated in the Soviet Union during World War II, with members mostly came from German officers and generals in captivity. The identification (with their last rank and position) as follow: 1.Generalleutnant Vincenz Müller (Kommandierender General XII. Armeekorps), 2.Generalmajor Joachim Engel (Kommandeur 45. Infanterie-Division), 3.Generalleutnant Hans Traut (Kommandeur 78. Sturm-Division), 4.Generalmajor Günther Klammt (Kommandeur 260. Infanterie-Division), 5.Generalmajor Alexander Conrady (Kommandeur 36. Infanterie-Division), 6.Generalmajor Herbert Michaelis (Kommandeur 95. Infanterie-Division), 7.Generalmajor Friedrich-Carl von Steinkeller (Kommandeur Panzergrenadier-Division "Feldherrnhalle"), 8.Generalmajor Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff (Kommandeur "Festung Mogilev"), 9.General der Infanterie Friedrich Gollwitzer (Kommandierender General LIII. Armeekorps), 10.Generalleutnant Rudolf Bamler (Kommandeur 12. Infanterie-Division), 11.Generalmajor Claus Mueller-Bülow (Kommandeur 246. Infanterie-Division), 12.Generalmajor Adolf Trowitz (Kommandeur 57. Infanterie-Division), 13.Generalmajor Aurel Schmidt (Höherer Pionierführer 10 / 9.Armee), 14.General der Infanterie Paul Völckers (Kommandierender General XXVII.Armeekorps), and 15.Generalleutnant Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow (Kommandierender General XXXV. Armeekorps).



The painting of Eichenlaubträger Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow by Wolfgang Willrich (31 March 1897 – 18 October 1948), a German artist of the 20th century, who created propaganda art during the time of Nazi Germany. In 1933, Willrich was employed by the Nazi government, for which he drew art depicting idealized racial standards and portraits of soldiers and party officials.



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Fakatona photo collection
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek photo archive
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